A-Infos (en) France, OCL CA #337 - Briefs from the eco 337 (ca, de, fr, it, pt, tr)[machine translation]

Every year, there are 1.4 million job creations and almost as many 
destructions. Merchant companies employed more than 16 million employees 
(excluding temporary workers) as of December 31, 2020. From 2017 to 
2019, the number of jobs increased, it decreased in 2020 (health 
crisis). Job flows are particularly high among small businesses in 
commerce, construction, catering or business services. ---- Small and 
medium-sized businesses account for the majority of job creation and 
destruction (62%), although they account for less than half of total 
employment (46%). Among SMEs, microenterprises (19% of total employment) 
are at the origin of 37% of job flows, approximately as much as the 
whole group composed of intermediate-sized enterprises, large 
enterprises and multinationals under foreign control (respectively 18%, 
24% and 12% of employment). This means that in fact employment is more 
precarious in micro-enterprises (you knew that, but it confirms). 
Micro-enterprises more often employ their salaried workforce on 
fixed-term contracts (CDD) or limited contracts (apprenticeships, 
internships, etc.): 18%, compared to 11% for all companies. Employees 
also work part-time more often (22%, compared to 15% overall).
Source: INSEE premiere n°1974, 11/23/23

In 2021, in mainland France, the median standard of living of people 
living in ordinary housing was 1,930 euros. To calculate the standard of 
living, we weight the income to arrive at an equivalent standard of 
living with that of a single person. Translation: half of us had the 
same standard of living as a single person who earned less than 1930 
euros per month, the other half with a single person who earned more. 
INSEE considers, for example, that a couple with a child who earns 3,474 
euros per month has the same standard of living as a single person who 
earns 1,930 auros. 9.1 million people lived below the monetary poverty 
line, or 1,158 euros per month for a single person in 2021.
The resumption of activity in 2021 was accompanied by an increase in 
labor income and dividends received by households, more marked for the 
wealthiest households whose standard of living is increasing. The 
minimum standard of living of the 5% wealthiest households increases by 
5.6% before redistribution and by 4.5% after redistribution (taking into 
account taxes and social contributions). On the other hand, the 
non-renewal of exceptional solidarity aid paid in 2020 in connection 
with the health crisis has weighed on the living standards of the 
poorest households which are decreasing in 2021. It should be remembered 
that the revaluation of aid is taking place based on inflation from the 
previous year and not the current year. The poverty rate increases by 
0.9 points in 2021, from 13.6% to 14.5%. The intensity of poverty is 
also increasing, going from 18.7% in 2020 to 20.2% in 2021. The poverty 
rate is the percentage of poor people. The intensity of poverty is how 
poor we are: half of the poor received 18.7% less than the poverty line 
in 2020, 20.2% in 2021.
The main indicators of inequality in living standards are up sharply in 
2021, after having reduced slightly in 2020. The 20% wealthiest people 
receive 38.3% of the total mass of living standards, a proportion very 
close to that held in 2018 but higher than that of 2019 and 2020. At the 
bottom of the distribution, the most modest 20% receive 8.6%, a share 
lower than that observed in recent years (around 9%). Thus, the former 
perceive a cumulative mass of living standards 4.5 times greater than 
the latter.
In 2021, the poverty rate of the unemployed increases by 1.9 points to 
reach 35.1%, while that of employed people increases by 0.5 points and 
stands at 7.4%. Among employed people, the poverty rate of the 
self-employed falls (-0.9 points), while that of employees increases 
(+0.7 points). The median standard of living of retirees falls by 1.1% 
in constant euros in 2021. This is due to inflation which is increasing 
faster than pensions, but also to the drop in the pension level of new 
retirees.
France is emerging from the Covid episode in 2021 with a poverty rate 
higher than when it entered it.
Source: INSEE premiere n°1973, 11/14/2023

In 2022, an employee in the private sector earned on average 2,630 euros 
net per month in full-time equivalent. With the resurgence of inflation, 
the average net salary decreased in constant euros: -1.0%. This decline 
is the strongest observed over the last twenty-five years (excluding the 
health crisis). Half of employees in the private sector received less 
than 2,091 euros net per month in full-time equivalent. This is the 
difference between average salary and median salary. 10% of employees 
earned less than 1436 euros, and 10% more than 4162 euros. In 2022, only 
the purchasing power of the lowest salaries was maintained, due to the 
increases in the minimum wage in line with inflation, so that salary 
disparities have decreased.
Women earned on average 14.1% less than men in full-time equivalent 
compared to 20.9% in 2008.
Source: Insee Première No 1971, 08/11/2023

In 2022, more than four out of ten French companies will organize 
meetings via the Internet, a little less than in the entire European Union.
Remote access to professional tools is very widespread in France: 
two-thirds of companies provide at least some of their employees with 
access to professional messaging as well as company documents and 
software. business, a little more than in the European Union. In fact, 
the most common is remote access to professional messaging (9 out of 10 
companies). In this case, it is not necessarily teleworking but often 
the intrusion of work into the home outside of working hours.
Insee Première No 1969, 05/10/2023

At the end of 2022, national economic assets amounted to 20,052 billion 
euros in France, or 9.5 times the net domestic product of the year. GDP 
corresponds to income, assets to accumulated wealth (real estate, 
businesses, savings, etc.). The price of land having decreased very 
slightly, this slows down the growth of this heritage (since the same 
properties are worth a little less). Household wealth has stabilized (a 
little less than 15 trillion euros). On the other hand, corporate assets 
increased (by 18.3%). Public debt decreased by 10.4% in market value, 
while it increased by 4.5% for Maastricht debt, measured in nominal 
value. Well yes, we can measure debt in several different ways. 
Maastricht is not necessarily the most realistic way.
Source: Insee Première No 1967, 09/20/2023

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