A-Infos (en) Italy, Umanita Nova #28-25 - Keep Cool. Climate Crisis Notebook (ca, de, it, pt, tr)[machine translation]

The State of the Climate in Europe Report produced by the Copernicus 
Climate Change Service (C3S), a service implemented by ECMWF (European 
Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) on behalf of the European 
Commission, in collaboration with the World Meteorological Organization 
(WMO), provides a detailed analysis of climate trends in Europe and 
highlights key findings for each year. As a first reference period, we 
begin with a summary for 2023.

Europe under focus: In 2023, Europe experienced some of the most extreme 
weather events on record, with extremely high temperatures, devastating 
fires, and widespread flooding.

Glaciers: Although Europe experienced approximately 7% more rainfall 
than average, the Alps experienced exceptional glacier ice loss, linked 
to lower-than-average winter snow accumulation and significant summer 
melt. Glaciers across the continent have suffered significant loss in 
volume and area, particularly in the Alps.

Since 1976, 850 km3 of glaciers have been lost in Europe, but between 
2022 and 2023, Alpine glaciers will have lost approximately 10% of their 
volume.

Floods: One-third of European rivers exceeded the flood threshold. Storm 
Minerva hit Italy, particularly Emilia-Romagna, between May 15 and 17, 
2023, with heavy rains causing rivers to overflow and flooding.

In August 2023, Slovenia experienced very heavy rainfall. A full month's 
worth of precipitation was measured in just 24 hours, causing widespread 
flooding that affected almost every area of the country, affecting 183 
of the 212 municipalities. This event was considered the worst natural 
disaster in Slovenia's history.

Hurricane Daniel was a Mediterranean tropical cyclone (medicane) that 
struck the Balkan Peninsula and several countries in the Mediterranean 
Sea between September 4 and 12, 2023, affecting Bulgaria, Greece, Egypt, 
Israel, Libya, and Turkey.

Meteorologists classified the storm as the worst storm ever recorded in 
Greece since records began in 1930. In one day, the village of Zagora 
received 1,092 millimeters of rain, 55 times the country's average 
rainfall for the same month.

In August 2023, Norway and parts of Sweden were hit by Storm Hans, which 
caused widespread flooding, landslides, and infrastructure damage due to 
heavy and prolonged rainfall. Norway faced the most severe crisis, with 
the evacuation of thousands of people, the partial collapse of a dam, 
and disruption of transportation.

Increase in CO2: 2023 set another record, with rising greenhouse gas 
emissions. Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration reached 420 
ppm, an overall increase of 51% compared to pre-industrial levels (base 
year 1750), when it was approximately 278 ppm (in 2004, it was just over 
370 ppm).

Temperature: 2023 was the second warmest year on record in Europe, with 
temperatures 1.02-1.12°C above average.

The three warmest years on record in Europe have all occurred since 2020.

Temperatures in Europe were above average for 11 months of the year, and 
September was the warmest on record.

This year saw a record number of days of "extreme heat stress" (extreme 
heat stress occurs when the body is unable to maintain its internal 
temperature in response to very high ambient temperatures and manifests 
itself with symptoms such as fatigue, headache, nausea, and dizziness, 
up to more serious conditions such as heatstroke, which can be fatal).

Seas and oceans: The average sea surface temperature (SST) for the ocean 
was the warmest on record, 0.55°C above average. Parts of the 
Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean reached the warmest annual 
surface temperature ever recorded (remember, when referring to average 
values, it is always important to consider that temperatures may have 
reached much higher peaks or lower values at the local level).

Wildfires: For much of the year, Europe as a whole experienced a 
higher-than-average fire risk. Since the beginning of the year, the 
overall area burned has been above average.

This summer, large-scale fires broke out in Portugal, Spain, Italy, and 
especially in Greece, which recorded the largest forest fire ever 
recorded in Europe, with approximately 96,000 hectares affected.

The 2023 forest fire season saw the fourth largest burned area ever 
recorded in the European Union, totaling approximately 500,000 hectares.

Matafel

https://umanitanova.org/stiamo-freschi-taccuino-della-crisi-climatica/
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